"乎, hoo" e te-it kap te-li e kue-se (explanation), kan-taⁿ ti "kah-kut bun 甲骨 文 (the Oracle and bone writing system)" teng-min e pok-su (sentence of prayer) lai-kha u te eng.
Hit-koa pok-su u koo-teng e ke-sek (pattern), na-chhiuⁿ u chit-ku-oe, i tioh-e an-ni lai se:
"乎 - - - - - ".
Lan na-si iong hien-tu-si e kong-oe tioh-si an-ni se:
"Goa e sim-koaⁿ-thau u chit-ke e ng-bang (wish), goa ti chit-chun-a hiuⁿ Siong-te (the Almighty) kang-iuⁿ (prayer), chhiaⁿ Siong-te hoo (to give) goa e sim-goan (the want of me) e-thang liau-kiet - - - - - ".
Tiam-ti au-be koh hoat-tien chhut-lai e kok-chiong "su-sia he-thong (writing system)", na chhin-chhiuⁿ "koo-bun 古文 (the Ancient writing system)", bun-gien bun 文言 文 (the Literatures-language writing system)", kap "koaⁿ-oe peh-oe bun 官話 白話 文 (the Mandarin oral-language writing system, or Han-yu, guo-yu, hua-yu)", chit-e Tng-li (chinese character); "乎, hoo" toa-ti chit kui-chiong e "su-sia he-thong" lai-thau, i si bo (1). kang-iuⁿ (prayer) kap (2). ng-bang (wish) e i-su, i soah bien-chiaⁿ chit-e hu-su (function word) le eng-iong.
Lan-lang-oe e gu-im (phonetic system), li-lui (vocabulary) ka bun-hoat (grammar) u kah oa-kun "kah-kut bun" kap "koo-bun" e iong-hoat. I ka Ban-tai-lin pi-kau chit-e u kah koo-tien.
"與 (traditional form), 与 (simplified form)", chit-e Tng-li khiam-chhai (may be) si thak-chue "與, u", m-si hoo lang thak-chue "與, hoo". M-chai Li si-m-si toa Tai-oan-lang e bang-ia (homepage) lai-min koaⁿ-tioh chit-e Tng-li e iong-hoat, peng-siong lai se Tai-oan-lang kah ai iong "hun-thak-li 訓讀字 (characters which borrowed sound, or meaning from other character)", hoan-se (may be) in u siu-tioh "lit-gu (Japanese)" e eng-hiong.
Happy Chinese New Year!
-
Casey
SL De
1. About 乎
Thank you very much for the elaborate explanation of "hoo". It took me quite a while to read over and understand your posting until I realized that you were using the Cuangciu accent.
2. About 与
与 is an ancient Han word used and pronounced as "hoo7" meaning "to give" even though its 文读音 may be "u5". This may be found in the "Minnan Fangyan yu Gu Hanyu Tong Yuan Cidian" "闽南方言与古汉语同源词典“ compiled bu Lin Bao Qing 林宝卿. Publisher: Xiamen University Press 厦门大学出版社.
1. About 乎
Thank you very much for the elaborate explanation of "hoo". It took me quite a while to read over and understand your posting until I realized that you were using the Cuangciu accent.
2. About 与
与 is an ancient Han word used and pronounced as "hoo7" meaning "to give" even though its 文读音 may be "u5". This may be found in the "Minnan Fangyan yu Gu Hanyu Tong Yuan Cidian" "闽南方言与古汉语同源词典“ compiled bu Lin Bao Qing 林宝卿. Publisher: Xiamen University Press 厦门大学出版社.
-
hong
-
hong
-
SL De
Ti "Kong-oan <廣韻>" chit-kng im-oan-chhe lai-kha, u chit-tiau "hoan-chhiat 反切", 與: 余呂.
與; Kng-tang-oe: [jy], Ban-tai-lin: [yu]
與; Choan-chiu: [w], Chiang-chiu: , E-mng:
Tiam teng-kha, lan e-thang koaⁿ-tio Kng-tang-oe e hoat-im [jy], Ban-tai-lin e [yu], Choan-chiu e [w] kap Chiang-chiu e , ke-si chiaⁿ oat-kun e gu-im, in too-si "與 [u,w,i]" e bun-thak-im. Iah E-mng e hoat-im un-tang (may certainly be) tioh-si "與 [u,w,i]" e peh-thak-im.
與: peh-thak-im , bun-thak-im [w],.
Eng-pang, toa-ti Choan-chiu kap Chiang-chiu e o-tng, gan-gaⁿ le thak-chhe e gu-gian, sian-siⁿ tioh-si eng bun-thak-im lai ka-chhe. M-koh ti E-mng le hoat-tian chue pho-thau e hit tang-si, kah bo siu-tioh bun-thak-im e koo toan-thong le eng-hiong, peh-thak-im ti E-mng oe lai-thau kah liu-heng.
<韓非子‧忠孝>: 『此 明君 且 常與， 而 賢臣 且 常取 也。』
Ti chit-ku oe lai-tue, chit-e Tng-li "與 [u,w,i]", goa le io tioh-si chue "餘 [u,w,i]" (surplus) e siang-im-li (homonym) lai eng-iong. Chit-e "餘 [u,w,i]" si u-chhun e i-su. Koo-cha lang kah kau-le-soo, chok-chia "Han-hui 韓非" ti chit-ku oe teng-min chiu kan-taⁿ e-eng-e iong chit-e i-su lai biau-tat i e suat-su. Iah na-si iong "與 u,w,i" (to give) kap "取 chhu" (take) chit-tui Tng-li e i-su tioh-e chiaⁿ bo-le-soo.
Ti-le eng "koo-bun 古文 (the Ancient writing system)" lai chut e koo-chhe lai-kha, siang-im-li e eng-iong si chiaⁿ phoo-phian e hian-siong.
Goa lin-ui "Han-hui 韓非" ti chit-ku oe e i-su si an-ni:
『此 明君 且 常（餘）， 而 賢臣 且 常取 也。』
Chue chit-e khui-meng e kok-kun tioh "siong-[u,w,i], 常（餘）" (always surplus), i hia-e hien-hue e tua-sen chiah e-thang "siong-chhu 常取" (always depend on).
Lim po-king (林寶卿) kau-siu, i khiam-chai iong "與 u,w,i" (to give) kap "取 chhu" (take) e i-su lai chue gien-kiu, i tioh-e tit-tioh "與, peh-thak-im si [hoo]" chit-e kiet-kun. I bo khi chu-i e soo-chai tioh-si ti Chhun-chhiu (Spring and Autumn Period) kap Chian-kok (Warring States) e bun-hua, hit-si e koo-cha lang le kang-se iah-si le sia-chhe, tiam in e sip-koan tioh-e eng chit-chiong kau-le-soo e se-oe kap su-sia e hong-ke lai biau-tat in e su-siong.
Lan na eng chit-tui Tng-li "餘 u,w,i," (surplus) kap "chhu 取" (take and depend on) e i-su si kah oat-kun chok-chia "Han-hui 韓非" pun-lian e i-su.
Lam-oaⁿ, An-kue kap E-mng e chhi-ku (urban area) ke-si eng "hoo 乎,互" (to give), Chen-kang, Hui-oaⁿ kap Choan-chiu e chhi-ku ke-si eng "thoo 度" (to give), iah Eng-chhun, Tek-hue kap Tang-oaⁿ khiam-chhai a-si eng "hoo 乎,互" (to give). Chit-e "hoo 乎,互" (to give) kap hit-e "thoo 度" (to give), goa le siuⁿ in u bo saⁿ-siang e lai-goan (original). In e ching-hong m-si tang chit-e Tng-li e bien-the (variety).
與; Kng-tang-oe: [jy], Ban-tai-lin: [yu]
與; Choan-chiu: [w], Chiang-chiu: , E-mng:
Tiam teng-kha, lan e-thang koaⁿ-tio Kng-tang-oe e hoat-im [jy], Ban-tai-lin e [yu], Choan-chiu e [w] kap Chiang-chiu e , ke-si chiaⁿ oat-kun e gu-im, in too-si "與 [u,w,i]" e bun-thak-im. Iah E-mng e hoat-im un-tang (may certainly be) tioh-si "與 [u,w,i]" e peh-thak-im.
與: peh-thak-im , bun-thak-im [w],.
Eng-pang, toa-ti Choan-chiu kap Chiang-chiu e o-tng, gan-gaⁿ le thak-chhe e gu-gian, sian-siⁿ tioh-si eng bun-thak-im lai ka-chhe. M-koh ti E-mng le hoat-tian chue pho-thau e hit tang-si, kah bo siu-tioh bun-thak-im e koo toan-thong le eng-hiong, peh-thak-im ti E-mng oe lai-thau kah liu-heng.
<韓非子‧忠孝>: 『此 明君 且 常與， 而 賢臣 且 常取 也。』
Ti chit-ku oe lai-tue, chit-e Tng-li "與 [u,w,i]", goa le io tioh-si chue "餘 [u,w,i]" (surplus) e siang-im-li (homonym) lai eng-iong. Chit-e "餘 [u,w,i]" si u-chhun e i-su. Koo-cha lang kah kau-le-soo, chok-chia "Han-hui 韓非" ti chit-ku oe teng-min chiu kan-taⁿ e-eng-e iong chit-e i-su lai biau-tat i e suat-su. Iah na-si iong "與 u,w,i" (to give) kap "取 chhu" (take) chit-tui Tng-li e i-su tioh-e chiaⁿ bo-le-soo.
Ti-le eng "koo-bun 古文 (the Ancient writing system)" lai chut e koo-chhe lai-kha, siang-im-li e eng-iong si chiaⁿ phoo-phian e hian-siong.
Goa lin-ui "Han-hui 韓非" ti chit-ku oe e i-su si an-ni:
『此 明君 且 常（餘）， 而 賢臣 且 常取 也。』
Chue chit-e khui-meng e kok-kun tioh "siong-[u,w,i], 常（餘）" (always surplus), i hia-e hien-hue e tua-sen chiah e-thang "siong-chhu 常取" (always depend on).
Lim po-king (林寶卿) kau-siu, i khiam-chai iong "與 u,w,i" (to give) kap "取 chhu" (take) e i-su lai chue gien-kiu, i tioh-e tit-tioh "與, peh-thak-im si [hoo]" chit-e kiet-kun. I bo khi chu-i e soo-chai tioh-si ti Chhun-chhiu (Spring and Autumn Period) kap Chian-kok (Warring States) e bun-hua, hit-si e koo-cha lang le kang-se iah-si le sia-chhe, tiam in e sip-koan tioh-e eng chit-chiong kau-le-soo e se-oe kap su-sia e hong-ke lai biau-tat in e su-siong.
Lan na eng chit-tui Tng-li "餘 u,w,i," (surplus) kap "chhu 取" (take and depend on) e i-su si kah oat-kun chok-chia "Han-hui 韓非" pun-lian e i-su.
Lam-oaⁿ, An-kue kap E-mng e chhi-ku (urban area) ke-si eng "hoo 乎,互" (to give), Chen-kang, Hui-oaⁿ kap Choan-chiu e chhi-ku ke-si eng "thoo 度" (to give), iah Eng-chhun, Tek-hue kap Tang-oaⁿ khiam-chhai a-si eng "hoo 乎,互" (to give). Chit-e "hoo 乎,互" (to give) kap hit-e "thoo 度" (to give), goa le siuⁿ in u bo saⁿ-siang e lai-goan (original). In e ching-hong m-si tang chit-e Tng-li e bien-the (variety).
-
hong
-
hong
-
hong
-
hong