I'm looking for lists of words where within Standard Putonghua there are meaning differences depending on whether or not qingsheng or erhua occurs.
For instance:
- 东西 dōngxi "thing" vs. dōngxī "West-East"
- 花儿 "flower" huār vs. 花 huā "spend" (erhua is trickier, because often variants without it can occur as well, so I'd say cases, where the erhua variant is restricted in meaning compared with the one without)
Minimal pairs involving qingsheng and erhua
Minimal pairs involving qingsheng and erhua
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