I'm going to Thailand for about eight weeks at the end of the year, so I decided that it was time to have a go at a bit of Teochew (as well as Thai). In the past I've had conversations with Thai Teochew people in which I spoke Hokkien and they spoke back in Teochew. These were fairly simple but I could understand quite a bit.
So I thought I'd go one step further and make a systematic list of how to change my Penang-type Hokkien (with Twese background knowledge) into something more understandable to Teochews.
Basic pronunciation correspondences:
Hokkien = Teochew
-oe/-e = -oi
* This only works for the style of Hokkien where "many" is "choe", in Teochew it will be "choi" "boe" (cannot) becomes "boi"
-n = ng (this seems to be a new development. The older manuals still distinguish -n and -ng)
hun = hung 雲 (cloud) bun = bung 文 (writing, script)
-t = -k (another new development, not in old manuals)
chit = chek 一 (one) jit = jik 日(day)
-o• = -ou
ho• = hou 雨 (rain) o• = ou 烏 (black)
-uiⁿ/ng = ng
puiⁿ= png 飯 (rice) tuiⁿ = tng 轉 (return)
-u/i = ö
lu/li = lö 汝 (you) hu/hi = hö 魚 (fish) tu/ti = tö 豬 (pig) khi = khö 去 to go
-iauⁿ = -ieⁿ
siauⁿ = sieⁿ 想 (think) niauⁿ = nieⁿ 量 (measure)
-ioh = ieh
tioh = tieh 著 (correct)
-oeh/eh = oih
poeh = poih 八 (eight)
-eng = oiⁿ
seng = soiⁿ 先 (first) peng = poiⁿ 邊 (side) cheng = choiⁿ 前 (front) eng = oiⁿ 閑 (spare time)
Vocabulary differences
Then there are the differences in basic vocabulary. Most of it seems to be the same, but many very common words are completely different. If I can remember about 30 of the main ones it will go a long way to being able to be understood.
e = kai ( more a pronunciation difference but this one will come in really handy in converting sentences into Teochew)
chit-chui = ti-tiang "who"
kong = taⁿ (呾) "speak"
khoaⁿ = toiⁿ (睇) "look"
ho• = pun (畀) or khioh (乞) "give" (plus many of the other grammatical usages)
siang = tang "same"
suka/ kah-i = ngiang "to like" (I know this one from Jao-p'ing Hakka)
Of course there all all those Malay words from my Penang Hokkien that I can't use....and some Thai ones to put in. Apparently many Thai teochews use the Tai word for "but" (forget it at the moment) just like M'sian Hokkiens use "tapi"
Tones
Now here lies the problem. Teochew has not merged its two shang tones, and has different tone sandhi rules from Hokkien. This will be the hardest thing to untrain myself in and will result in my accent sounding a bit weird. After sorting this out:
Ang-mo-nang oi taⁿ Tio-chiu-oe liau!!!!!!
紅毛儂會呾潮州話了!!!!
Turning Hokkien into Teochew
Re: Turning Hokkien into Teochew
Hi Ah-bin,
Great to hear that you're still acquiring more Sinitic *languages*
.
I hope that your interest in Hokkien (in particular Penang Hokkien) is as it was before, and that Teochew is not going to take it's place...
Great to hear that you're still acquiring more Sinitic *languages*
.I hope that your interest in Hokkien (in particular Penang Hokkien) is as it was before, and that Teochew is not going to take it's place...
Re: Turning Hokkien into Teochew
Ah-bin, U're probably more well-versed in this stuff than I am, but I'll go ahead and give an opinion anyway. 
Most of the correspondences U listed seem right to me.
I'm under the impression that many of the well-known splits between classic Coanciu dialects and classic Ciangciu dialects ... also cut across Teochew. I remember a Teochew acquaintance telling me TO EAT (A MEAL) in Teochew was something like "cieh puinn". The 汝 i/u/ir split or something like it also cuts across Teochew, AFAIK. The -ir reflex might be a little lower, toward -er... Your ortho. seems to reflect this. It would also explain the Singapore Hokkien reflex.
Also, there may actually be two different tone regimes in Teochew, depending on the dialect.
Instead of trying to speak Teochew, I usually just skew toward the most compatible Hokkien accent I can, throwing in Teochew phrases when necessary and if I know them. I find the most compatible accent to be something like a classic City of Coanciu 府城 accent or 同安 / 金門 (Tâng'oaⁿ / Kimmn̂g) dialect. The -uiⁿ / -aiⁿ / -oiⁿ correspondence btw the the two and Teochew comes in handy.
Teochewphones usually struggle to understand any of what I say in Mainstream TWese till I can at least switch over to an Amoy set of finals. Ciangciu Hokkien seems to be a new and perilous offshoot indeed.
I ran into a Teochewphone in Saigon again a few days back. I'll post it in the thread where I've been posting these things.
Have fun and don't be surprised if U run into a Hokkien speaker -- these exist in Bangkok too.
BUT = te·, low tone.
Most of the correspondences U listed seem right to me.
I'm under the impression that many of the well-known splits between classic Coanciu dialects and classic Ciangciu dialects ... also cut across Teochew. I remember a Teochew acquaintance telling me TO EAT (A MEAL) in Teochew was something like "cieh puinn". The 汝 i/u/ir split or something like it also cuts across Teochew, AFAIK. The -ir reflex might be a little lower, toward -er... Your ortho. seems to reflect this. It would also explain the Singapore Hokkien reflex.
Also, there may actually be two different tone regimes in Teochew, depending on the dialect.
Instead of trying to speak Teochew, I usually just skew toward the most compatible Hokkien accent I can, throwing in Teochew phrases when necessary and if I know them. I find the most compatible accent to be something like a classic City of Coanciu 府城 accent or 同安 / 金門 (Tâng'oaⁿ / Kimmn̂g) dialect. The -uiⁿ / -aiⁿ / -oiⁿ correspondence btw the the two and Teochew comes in handy.
Teochewphones usually struggle to understand any of what I say in Mainstream TWese till I can at least switch over to an Amoy set of finals. Ciangciu Hokkien seems to be a new and perilous offshoot indeed.
I ran into a Teochewphone in Saigon again a few days back. I'll post it in the thread where I've been posting these things.
Have fun and don't be surprised if U run into a Hokkien speaker -- these exist in Bangkok too.
BUT = te·, low tone.