Philippine Hokkien

[Andrew Yong]

I think the answer is that when one clan with Yin/Yang Shang but only one Qu lives with another clan with Yin/Yang Qu but only one Shang, the result is not that you have Yin/Yang Shang and Yin/Yang Qu, but you lose the distinction in both Shang and Qu. The same has happened in English, where the Germanic and French gender systems clashed and we ended up in the end with no grammatical gender.

I think this is what has happened in Penang, with the original Chiangchiu intermingling with the larger numbers of later Chuanchiu migrants. The Chiangchiu pronunciations have largely remained, but the Yin/Yang Qu distinction was lost because the Chuanchiu had no such distinction. There are probably similar examples elsewhere.

[hong]

I have to add above certain chuanchiu sects with six tones are just happened to young man but not those old people.in china.
Also both chiangchiu and chuanchiu young people mixed the vowel into same for some basic words.All because of no books were read by them

[hong]

It is interesting to see Prof.Ang's article about old man in lugang,taiwan pronounce correcly for the cuanchiu vowels but young people in china fail to do so.He used Douglas 's book 140? years old record of sound like 鸡(chicken)compare to modern research by Prof.Chiu in cuanchiu area.We can see examples of ciangchiu vowels mistakenly pronounced too in both taiwan and china.

[hong]

I must correct my mistake that yongchun do have yangqu like xiamen,tongan and jinmen with 7 tones
It is interesting many Taiwan's book always said that their cuanchiu sandhi is 1-7-3-2-5-3.Where is this tone 7 came from?I think they mean Tong An kind of cuanchiu sect but not those Nanan and Anxi.

[chuchee]

I asked a co-worker about the term ��Chinoy�� and she said it has a slight pejorative value to it. But, I think that has more to do with the old sterotype that the Chinese are better off than the "native" Filipinos. I��ve also seen it spelled ��Tsinoy��.


Kobo-Daishi, PLLA.

I think you are referring to the term "instik". Tsinoy is a newly-coined word