Some Tongan words in Douglas 's dict are only for 同安话 area,some only for 同安腔 .Unfortunely these two setcs also have small towns which aren't the same .
同安腔 杏林 is <ing> but 同安腔 海沧 is <an>.We need an expert to write an article about this.
Tone Sandhi
(LOL).I was wrong about 莲河村 as among the six towns in 同安 。It is just a village in 同安新店镇。It is not among the six towns but it is called 翔安
www.xiangan.gov.cn/zzf/xdz/zzfjj .One of the six towns 莲花镇 is the home town for hong leong group tauke 郭芳枫.See the name for six towns and street www.xmta.gov.cn
To describe what is the minnan language use by North malaysian,I would say it is one sect of 龙海 called 角美 along with 同安腔:海沧，东孚，集美，杏林，后溪，灌口，禾山。Anyone in this area who speak xiamen-like png or 过 ke can be found in 杏林 and 集美。
海沧，灌口 肩 =kan but we have 角美 ,杏林 say king.(Penang Eddy Chong is form 杏林)。相详 ioong can be found in 东孚，集美，杏林 。The reason why 角美 cannot be the single sect for North malaysian is because of many people don't speak iang like kak bi.Also we need 百 pah from other sects due to thier usual pEh.
iaunn of course is a very big mistake.
If a guy speak special vowel like 灌口 as mentioned iby Douglas,it is still within this area.Even ainn can be found in 集美。As for the tone sandhi,I am not sure but at least their 8th tone isn't low rising like 80% of ciangciu and 80% of cuanciu area.
www.xiangan.gov.cn/zzf/xdz/zzfjj .One of the six towns 莲花镇 is the home town for hong leong group tauke 郭芳枫.See the name for six towns and street www.xmta.gov.cn
To describe what is the minnan language use by North malaysian,I would say it is one sect of 龙海 called 角美 along with 同安腔:海沧，东孚，集美，杏林，后溪，灌口，禾山。Anyone in this area who speak xiamen-like png or 过 ke can be found in 杏林 and 集美。
海沧，灌口 肩 =kan but we have 角美 ,杏林 say king.(Penang Eddy Chong is form 杏林)。相详 ioong can be found in 东孚，集美，杏林 。The reason why 角美 cannot be the single sect for North malaysian is because of many people don't speak iang like kak bi.Also we need 百 pah from other sects due to thier usual pEh.
iaunn of course is a very big mistake.
If a guy speak special vowel like 灌口 as mentioned iby Douglas,it is still within this area.Even ainn can be found in 集美。As for the tone sandhi,I am not sure but at least their 8th tone isn't low rising like 80% of ciangciu and 80% of cuanciu area.
Last edited by ong on Sun Nov 12, 2006 12:19 am, edited 7 times in total.
Hong, my tone 8 is very different from tone 2. You can hear the tones at http://geocities.com/niucls/htrhr.htm . Btw the page was written many years ago and I haven't updated it for a long time, so please bear with some error assumptions.ong wrote:...I think yours is not 3>8 but just 3>2 since both 8 and 2 are falling ....
I find that your 2nd tone sandhi is like other cuanciu sect except 德化，永春。 As for the 8th,I can only say it is higher than 4 th like xiamen version.We have to use the meter to check whether it is 53 or not.
Penang chief minister 许子根 is from tongan city area ，now is 大同街。
www.chinaxu.net/show.asp?id=347
I haven't read Phd thesis by 张屏生 , 1982 纪亚木 ：同安话语音研究，and 同安市志 which has 37 pages of it.I will send you a copy if I can get it.Sadly there are no 同安腔 thesis.
Penang chief minister 许子根 is from tongan city area ，now is 大同街。
www.chinaxu.net/show.asp?id=347
I haven't read Phd thesis by 张屏生 , 1982 纪亚木 ：同安话语音研究，and 同安市志 which has 37 pages of it.I will send you a copy if I can get it.Sadly there are no 同安腔 thesis.
Former minister of Penang 林苍佑 is from xiamen 思明区。I guess if his children want to learn minnan,it will be the easiest.Just buy Prof Ciu's dict then use the internet to listen to the radio will do.
No strange vowels like uE(not ue),iei,uou,ei,ou,oou,iek,iong(not ioong),eng,Eng,eu,ek,iooh in those ciangciu sects or strange sandhi in cuanciu sects .Moreover no strange tone like 德化 first tone is 13 ，阳上 35 for words like 是坐。There is another sect in it =5th tone is 22,去声 13
In 安溪 the last tone could be changed like teochew.
No strange vowels like uE(not ue),iei,uou,ei,ou,oou,iek,iong(not ioong),eng,Eng,eu,ek,iooh in those ciangciu sects or strange sandhi in cuanciu sects .Moreover no strange tone like 德化 first tone is 13 ，阳上 35 for words like 是坐。There is another sect in it =5th tone is 22,去声 13
In 安溪 the last tone could be changed like teochew.
I just found out that Khoo kongsi in Penang is just formerly under 海澄 .Actually they came from 海沧 who speak lu,tu,etc.The other two kongsi in Penang also came from there.So there are people who bring in this kind of vowel.
I have no idea where is Sim's 金山 in 海澄 but there is kin suann in xiamen who speak lu,tu type.They belong to 禾山 sect I mentioned above.There is 禾山会馆 in Singapore.
www.huli.gov.cn/news/html/1062162030.htm
I have no idea where is Sim's 金山 in 海澄 but there is kin suann in xiamen who speak lu,tu type.They belong to 禾山 sect I mentioned above.There is 禾山会馆 in Singapore.
www.huli.gov.cn/news/html/1062162030.htm
Prof.Ciu's book on proverb
www.savefile.com/files/324450
海澄 town has special vowel which could be older compare to others . 黄典诚 said
uai 破，磨，何，可，拖，歌
uaih 割，活，辣，末，泼
uainn 看，旱，炭，判 ，
This is not the vowel used by haichang formerly under them.
www.savefile.com/files/324450
海澄 town has special vowel which could be older compare to others . 黄典诚 said
uai 破，磨，何，可，拖，歌
uaih 割，活，辣，末，泼
uainn 看，旱，炭，判 ，
This is not the vowel used by haichang formerly under them.